IVC Filters are small, metallic, cage-like medical devices designed to prevent life-threatening blood clots from reaching the heart or the lungs. It is used to treat pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgeries. Untreated PE can make the mortality rate of up to 30%.
During Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) filter placement, this device is carefully implanted to prevent the blood clots forming in the lower part of the body in reaching the lungs.
After FDA approved of its use, the popularity of IVC filters has increased drastically. But there were many reports about the blood clot filter side effects as well.
Between 2005 and 2010, as many as 921 adverse event reports were sent to the FDA, of which, following are the reported numbers:
- 6% of IVC filter fractures
- 35% of IVC filter migration
- 5% is about vena cava perforation
- 15% is with the IVC Filter embolization
Understanding the major complications briefly
- IVC Filter Thrombosis
Sometimes a blood clot might form within the filter itself and give rise to conditions like lower back pain, inflammation, pulmonary embolism and more. This is a subtype of DVT and should be taken to the doctor immediately for further check up.
- Organ or nerve perforation
During implantation, general presence, and removal procedure, the IVC filter can lead to life risking situations. Conditions such as sepsis, retroperitoneal hematoma, gastrointestinal bleeding and air embolism are some symptoms of the nerve or organ perforation.
- Embolization - IVC Filter Migration
This is the most common yet one of the dangerous blood clot filter side effects. It is caused when the different parts of the filter breaks apart and migrates through the bloodstream and settles in some unlikely positions. Severe back and abdominal pain are symptoms of embolization.
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